440 research outputs found
Telecom photon interface of solid-state quantum nodes
Solid-state spins such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center are promising
platforms for large-scale quantum networks. Despite the optical interface of NV
center system, however, the significant attenuation of its zero-phonon-line
photon in optical fiber prevents the network extended to long distances.
Therefore a telecom-wavelength photon interface would be essential to reduce
the photon loss in transporting quantum information. Here we propose an
efficient scheme for coupling telecom photon to NV center ensembles mediated by
rare-earth doped crystal. Specifically, we proposed protocols for high fidelity
quantum state transfer and entanglement generation with parameters within reach
of current technologies. Such an interface would bring new insights into future
implementations of long-range quantum network with NV centers in diamond acting
as quantum nodes.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Energy-recycling Blockchain with Proof-of-Deep-Learning
An enormous amount of energy is wasted in Proofof-Work (PoW) mechanisms
adopted by popular blockchain applications (e.g., PoW-based cryptocurrencies),
because miners must conduct a large amount of computation. Owing to this, one
serious rising concern is that the energy waste not only dilutes the value of
the blockchain but also hinders its further application. In this paper, we
propose a novel blockchain design that fully recycles the energy required for
facilitating and maintaining it, which is re-invested to the computation of
deep learning. We realize this by proposing Proof-of-Deep-Learning (PoDL) such
that a valid proof for a new block can be generated if and only if a proper
deep learning model is produced. We present a proof-of-concept design of PoDL
that is compatible with the majority of the cryptocurrencies that are based on
hash-based PoW mechanisms. Our benchmark and simulation results show that the
proposed design is feasible for various popular cryptocurrencies such as
Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, and Litecoin.Comment: 5 page
Global regularity for the 2D micropolar Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection system with velocity zero dissipation and temperature critical dissipation
This paper studies the global regularity problem for the 2D micropolar
Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection system with velocity zero dissipation,
micro-rotation velocity Laplace dissipation and temperature critical
dissipation. By introducing a combined quantity and using the technique of
Littlewood-Paley decomposition, we establish the global regularity result of
solutions to this system.Comment: 15 page
Nose Contemplation: Contemporary Meditative Olfactory Photography and Synesthetic Aesthetics of Song Dynasty China
This paper examines China’s olfactory culture of the Song Dynasty and explores the intersensory aesthetics between scent and visuality to search for a Contemporary artistic rendition of the traditional practices. The project conducts research on synaesthesia-related theories in Chinese aesthetic tradition, such as Nose Contemplation (biguan, 鼻观), aiming to untangle the mystery of olfactory imagery in Chinese culture and investigating how this aesthetics of synaesthesia can be revived in the setting of contemporary art-making and meditational multisensory photography.
Incorporating research outcomes from textual analysis, poetry and art historical case studies, personal meditation exercises and incense-making practices, this study demonstrates that visual artistic mediums, such as photography, can trigger or be infused with intersensory experience through olfactory meditational skills of utilizing Qi. There are two potential ways to aromatize the visual: first, through a pictorial composition and through self-moral cultivation and dismissal of secular desire. The process of scenting one’s art with Qi constitutes a contemporary meditative artistic practice, which I term Olfactory Photography
Centralized active reconfigurable intelligent surface: Architecture, path loss analysis and experimental verification
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are promising candidate for the 6G
communication. Recently, active RIS has been proposed to compensate the
multiplicative fading effect inherent in passive RISs. However, conventional
distributed active RISs, with at least one amplifier per element, are costly,
complex, and power-intensive. To address these challenges, this paper proposes
a novel architecture of active RIS: the centralized active RIS (CA-RIS), which
amplifies the energy using a centralized amplifying reflector to reduce the
number of amplifiers. Under this architecture, only as low as one amplifier is
needed for power amplification of the entire array, which can eliminate the
mutual-coupling effect among amplifiers, and significantly reduce the cost,
noise level, and power consumption. We evaluate the performance of CA-RIS,
specifically its path loss, and compare it with conventional passive RISs,
revealing a moderate amplification gain. Furthermore, the proposed CA-RIS and
the path loss model are experimentally verified, achieving a 9.6 dB net gain
over passive RIS at 4 GHz. The CA-RIS offers a substantial simplification of
active RIS architecture while preserving performance, striking an optimal
balance between system complexity and the performance, which is competitive in
various scenarios
Training Transformers with 4-bit Integers
Quantizing the activation, weight, and gradient to 4-bit is promising to
accelerate neural network training. However, existing 4-bit training methods
require custom numerical formats which are not supported by contemporary
hardware. In this work, we propose a training method for transformers with all
matrix multiplications implemented with the INT4 arithmetic. Training with an
ultra-low INT4 precision is challenging. To achieve this, we carefully analyze
the specific structures of activation and gradients in transformers to propose
dedicated quantizers for them. For forward propagation, we identify the
challenge of outliers and propose a Hadamard quantizer to suppress the
outliers. For backpropagation, we leverage the structural sparsity of gradients
by proposing bit splitting and leverage score sampling techniques to quantize
gradients accurately. Our algorithm achieves competitive accuracy on a wide
range of tasks including natural language understanding, machine translation,
and image classification. Unlike previous 4-bit training methods, our algorithm
can be implemented on the current generation of GPUs. Our prototypical linear
operator implementation is up to 2.2 times faster than the FP16 counterparts
and speeds up the training by up to 35.1%.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Type IIs restriction based combinatory modulation technique for metabolic pathway optimization
Additional file 1: Table S1. Oligonucleotides used in this study
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